Heart failure involves the heart's inability to pump blood
effectively.
It can result from reduced contractility or impaired relaxation
This leads to decreased cardiac output, which triggers compensatory
mechanisms like the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system (RAAS).
SNS activation increases heart rate and contractility, while RAAS
activation leads to vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, causing fluid retention
and increased blood volume.
